oaeuropeaneirewasno
sllundertakingitneededstronghandsandacapableheadpeterpossessedbothintheyear1698,thegreatoperationofgraftingdeeuropeuponancientrussiawasperfordthepatientdidnotdiebuthenevergotovertheshock,astheeventsofthelastfiveyearshaveshownveryplainly
russiavssweden
russiaandsanyo
decideheleading
poheasteeurope
intheyear1698,tsarpetersetforthuponhisfirstvoyagetoeeuropehetravelledbywayofberlinandost
beendroedeboatintheduckpondof
hisfathersuntryhothispassionforained
totheendofhislifeinapracticalshowed
itselfinhisainsaccessto
theopensea
heunpopularandharshyoungrulerwasaway
froo,thefriendsoftheoldrussianos
tosasuddenrebellionang
hislifeguards,thestreltsiregint,forcedpetertohastenhobythefastilheappointedhielfexecutionerinchiefandthestreltsieredandkilledto
thelastnsistersophia,heheadofthe
rebellion,erandtheruleofpeterbe
ganineaestthissceneedintheyear1716when
peterhadgoneonhissendethe
reactionariesfolloheleadershipofpetershalftedson,alexisagainthetsarretuedingreathastealexisentodeathinhisprisoncellandthefriendsoftheoldfashionedbyzantinearchedthousandsofdrearylestotheirfinaldestinationinthesiberianleadnesafterthat,nofurtheroutbreaksofpopulardisntenttookplainpeace
itisnoteasytogiveyoualistofhisreforinchronologicalorderthetsarhfurioushastehefollowed
nosysteheissuedhisdecreeshsuchrapiditythatitisdiffiedtofeelthateverything
thathadeverhappenedbeforeirelyhewhole
ofrussiathereforestbechangedhintheshortestpossibletibehindayof
200,000nandanavyoffiftyshipstheoldsystefgoventhadbeenabolishedoveightthedu,ovention
ofnobles,hadbeendisssedandinitsstead,thetsarhadsurroundedhielfhanadvisoryboardofstateofficials,calledthesenate
russiaentsorprovinces
roadsructedtoindustries
edpleasedthetsar,houtanyregard
forthepresenceofraaterialcanalsines
ountainsoftheeastinthislandofilliterates,schoolsentsofhigherleaing,
togetherhuniversitiesandhospitalsandprofessionalsenandartisans
frollovertheovetorussia
printingshopsustbefirstread
bytheierialcensorsthedutiesofeachclassofsocietyofcivilandcrinallaheredintoaseriesofprintedvolustheoldrussianstusperial
deen,ardhscissors,ching
alltheuntryroads,ou
jikssuddenlyintoapleasingitationofsothshaveneuropeans
inreligioustters,thetsartoleratednodivisionofpoustbenochanceofarivalrybetweenan
eerorandapopeashadhappenedineuropeintheyear1721,peterdehielfheadoftherussianchurchthepatriarosheholysynod
deitsappearanceasthehighestsourceofauthorityinallttersoftheestablishedchurch
sinsuldnotbesuccess
fulentshadarallyingpointinthe
toovehisgoventtoa
neidsttheunhealthyrshesofthebalticsea
thetsarbuiltthishelandin
theyear1703fortythousandpeasantsworkedforyearstolaythefoundationsforthisierialcitytheswedesattackedpeterandtriedtodestroyhistownandillnessandserykilledtensofthousandsofthepeasantsbuttheworkr,andthereadydetown
soonbegantogroheyear1712,itiallyde
perialresidenceadozenyearslater
ithad75,000inhabitantstheywas
floodedbythenevabuttheterrifichetsar
erdiedin1725heheohelargestcity
innortheeurope
ofurse,thissuddengrowthofsodangerousarivalhadbeenasourceofgreathis
side,peterhadanyadventuresof
hisbalticrival,thekingdofsheyear1654,
christina,theonlydaughterofgustavusadolphus,theheroofthethirtyyearshethroneandhad
goorotoendherdaysasadevoutcatholicaprotestantnepheavusadolphushadsucceededthelast
queenofthehouseofvasaundercharlesxandcharlesxi,theneyhadbroughtsoitshighestpoint
ofdevelopntbutin1697,charlesxidiedsuddenlyandeen,charlesxii
thisontforanyofthenorthestates
hadedduringthegreatreligiousheseventeenthcentury,stheexpenseofheeighbours
thetihade,sotheohought,tobalancetheacuntatonceark
andsaxonyontheoneside,andsheother
theraiesofpeterrouslybeaten
byberof
theyear1700thenostinterestinglitary
geniusesofthaties
andfoineyearshehackedandbuedhishroughthevillagesandarkandthebaltic
provinces,erdrilledandtrainedhissoldiersindistantrussia
asaresult,intheyear1709,inthebattleofpoltahesvitesdestroyedtheexhaustedaresofswede
